They can be used as alternate constructors or for other purposes that need some attributes on a class (like constants). Instance methods are at the core of OOO and that’s why they should come next after all the default behavior is overridden.Ĭlassmethods, like the name suggest, are tightly bound to the class however do not change an instance of the class. This is why it’s important to put these after the special python method overrides, so it’s clear what other behavior is being overridden.Īfter all the fun stuff is overridden, we come to the fun part of why object-oriented programming is so powerful. However it does something completely unexpected. They see the Dog class inherits from it and then tries to use the make_sound method on a dog. For example, let’s say a developer was familiar with the Animal class above and they expect the make_sound method to behave in a certain way. When overriding methods of the super class, they make the subclass behave in a way that is different than originally intended. These are important to have towards the top of the class because it changes the way a developer knows an object works and behaves. Such as allowing us to add two dogs together in the same way we would add 2 integers together. Python allows for overriding internal methods, denoted by the double underscore or “dunderscore” to enable using complex objects in a similar way to “dumb” objects. It’s important for these to go directly after the init because this will reduce confusion when needing to determine if a field is an actual instance variable or just a property. Properties are similar to instance variables on a class and can behave in different ways depending on if only a getter is defined or if a setter and/or deleter methods are defined. The initialization function of a class is the most important function since it actually constructs the class and will most likely be what developers call when wanting to interact with the class. For the second (default instance variables) they’re important to be seen first as well because it usually means they’re overridden either by the initialization of the class or have some special meaning (like when defining fields on a Django model). It also helps when managing large number of constants by tying them to their related class. For the first (constants) they are important to be seen by a developer so that instead of using a magic number or string they will know which constants are available.
Why is this an optimal structure for a python class?Ĭlass level variables come in one of usually two forms, constants and default instance variables.
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